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Abstract



A Data-Driven and Probabilistic Approach to Residual Evaluation for Fault Diagnosis


An important step in fault detection and isolation is residual evaluation where residuals, signals ideally zero in the no-fault case, are evaluated with the aim to detect changes in their behavior caused by faults. Generally, residuals deviate from zero even in the no-fault case and their probability distributions exhibit non-stationary features due to, e.g., modeling errors, measurement noise, and different operating conditions. To handle these issues, this paper proposes a data-driven approach to residual evaluation based on an explicit comparison of the residual distribution estimated on-line and a no-fault distribution, estimated off-line using training data. The comparison is done within the framework of statistical hypothesis testing. With the Generalized Likelihood Ratio test statistic as starting point, a more powerful and computational efficient test statistic is derived by a properly chosen approximation to one of the emerging likelihood maximization problems. The proposed approach is evaluated with measurement data on a residual for diagnosis of the gas-flow system of a Scania truck diesel engine. The proposed test statistic performs well, small faults can for example be reliable detected in cases where regular methods based on constant thresholding fail.

Carl Svärd, Mattias Nyberg, Erik Frisk and Mattias Krysander

2011

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